Porosity tester



Oct. 13,1931. c. ECARPENTER 1,827,562

FOROS ITY TESTER Filed Sept. V1'7 .1927

f HI IIIEEMg .leaned 1931 l uNrrED-STATES y'P'.ATEN!" orifice l(LABPEN'TEB, 0F ,PHILADELPHIA PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOF T0 E. Il'.

HOUGHTON COMPANY, OF PHILADELPHIA,`PENNBYLVANIA, ,A

PENNBYLVAA Application illed September A17, 1927. 'Serial No. 220,193. Y

The principal nbinntnf uns invention ,is

to provide novel apparatus for demonstrating relative porosities of objects by comparative test, the. invention having av particularly valuable applicat on 1n the determination of the relative porosities of dli'erent leathers.

v The invention furtherl providesanovel method for determininv the porosity characteristics -of various o jects, and particularly/of leather.

To the foregoing ends the inventionAJ ccntemplates the provision of apparatus wherethe by a visible demonstration o the porosities of one or more objects is aorded.

it has been determinedthat the efficiency of certain types of power belts is, materially ,and adversely aii'ected by air pockets formf- Figure 1 is a plan view of apparatus made in accordance with my invention, and

Fig. 2 is a section on the line' 2-2, Fig. 1. With reference to the drawings, it will be I nted that the apparatus may comprise a "3 and 4 respectively. These cylinders, which base member 1 to which `are secured two (in the present instance) standards 2, 2, which support in each instance a cylinder structure,

- may be identical, consist in a preferred form of a base head 5, t0 which the standard 2 at.- taches, a top head 6 joined to the head 5 by means of bolts 7 and a pair of cylinder sec-l tions 8, 8 of transparent material, prefer-A ably glass, confined between the heads 5 and' 6 and separated by a test specimen 9. Asillustrated, the specimen is clamped between..

the cylinder sections, which in turn are that belts of certain'classes of leather- 'pose hereinafter set4 forth.

CORPORATION roaosrr'z frnsrna clamped and confined between the heads 5 and 6. The joints between the cylinder sections and .the respective heads maybe sealed by meansof suitable washers 11. The intcrior of each of the cylinders 3 and 4 isthus divided into an upper and a lower chamber,

'of which the test specimen 9 forms the sepa- -rating partition, and the upper of the sections 8 of each cylinder with the associated tcp head 6 forms in eect a hood or bell across the bottom of which the test specimen is sep cured.

The head 5 in each instanceis provided l with one` or more ports 12 which establish I communication between the lower chamber 13 of the cylinders and the atmosphere. rEhe upper head 6 of each cylinder isprovided with a ort 14 which are Aconnected through a suita le pipe 15 and br anch ducts 16, 16 with suitable evacuating apparatus such for example as a vacuum air pump (not shown) The pipe 15 is also connected through an extension 17 with a suitable pressure gauge 18 capable of indicating the vacuum rawn by 'u the pump. The arrangement, as will be apparent, provides for evacuation of the upper chambers 19 under identical conditions.

The heads 6 ofthe cylinders vare also in each,l instance provided wlth a port 21 in which is,

secured a funnel element 22 including a valve 23, vthis valved funnel .providing means for introducing a liquid to the chambers 19 of the cylinders, and thereafter closing the intake port for the evacuating operation, as hereinafter set forth. The valve 23 may be manually operated through 'the medium of a lever 24. Y

It will be noted further that an air intake cock 25 is provided -in the pipe 15 for a pur- In operation,v test specimens of the materials involved in the comparative test are respectively secured, as described, in the cylinders 3 and 4. A suitable liquid is then introduced into the upper chambers 19 of the cylinders .through thefunnels22, andthe valves 23 are thereafter closed.l If desired, the liiuid used, which may be water, may be co ored or tinted. It is important that the amount ,oflv liquid introduced. into the chamapparatus attachedto the ipe 15 is now set' may be adjusted to maintain the porous or per,

in operation to evacuate t e chambers lg'ofjl' their air or gas content, and the valve 25 gage; Pressure at a predetermined desirable maximum. As a result of the evacuation of the chambers 19, there will be a tendency -for air to lie drawn' from the nether chambers 13 of the" cylinders 3 and 4 through the test specimens, and such air as asses t rough .the specimens lwill rise as bub les through the lifld in the upper chambers 19, and ,will visible through the transparent wallsof the cylin-A der. The vacuum conditions o f the chambers 19 of the cylinders being identical, it Will be apparent that the air bubbles passing through the liquid in the two cylinders will aiford an accurate indication of the relative porcsities of they test specimens and of the materials which they respectively represent. In the drawings, it will be noted.v that a'larger number of bubbles are shown passing through the specimen in the cylinder 3, the specimen in that cylinder Ibein thereby proven more ineab e to the passage oif air than the, specimen in the c linder 4.

It will be obvious that t ere ma be considerable modification without departure from the essential features of the invention, The device is not limited for example to the use ofthe two cylinders, althoughat least two cylinders are desirable where a comparative test is to be conducted. There may be, howeveiy'! more or less than two, and an number ofcylinders may be employed. wit means for evacuating under identical conditions'.

While the device is particularly adapted to demonstrate the porosity characteristics of certain types of leather beltingritis obviously not restricted to such use, andl may find useful application for` testing 'other materials.

1.' A porosity-testing device comprising a transparent upright open-ended cylinder, means for securing a test specimen across the lower end andl for sealing the upper end of said c linder, means whereby liquid may be introdyuced into the cylinder chamber thus formed, and means for .evacuating the cham` ber of 'its air or` gas content.

2. A porosity-testing device comprisinl a trans arent-walled openbottomed hoo means or securing a test specimen across i the bottom of the hood,- means whereby liquid may be introduced into the chamber thus formed, and means for evacuating the cham. ber of its air or gas content.

3. A porosity-testing device comprising an upright openfended v securing a test specimen across the lower end glass cylinder, means for of said cylinder, head, and means with evacuating a cylinder chamber o there beig a port 1n .said

1ts air or gas content.

or connecting said port Y 4paratus to empty the- 5'A "10 4. A orosity-testing devicecom rising a pair o transparex1twalled openottomed oods, means for securing test specimens "across the bottoms of said hoods to`constitjite eres'v ectivel the bottom walls 'of the resultm Aenc ose'd c ambers, means whereby liqui may be introduced into said chambers and gl.

means for connecting :the upper ends o chambers with evacuating apparatus.

5. Ina porosity-testingdevice, the combi;A

nation w th af transparent-walled openbottomed, hood, of meansl for specimenv vacross the bottomv ing enclosed chamber,

the chamber of its air or gas content, and a 6. Inj a porosity-testing device, the combi-A nati-on with a transparent-walled open-bottomedlhood of means for securing a test specimen across the bottom'of the hood to l I of the resulting means for connecting the f?. In aporosity-testin device, the combi-A vnation with a pluralityo 4transparent-walled open-bottomed hoods, of means for securing apparatus, and means independent of v saidV V` securing a testof the' hood so .Y asto constitute the bottom wall of the result--A m'eans for evacuating gagezassciated with-said evacuating means for indicating the internal pressureof the chamber.

test specimens across the bottoms of the hoods'1 so as to constitute respectively4 the bottom walls of the .resulting enclosed chambers,

Vlos means whereby-liquid may be introducedinto said chambers, a common ductco'mmunicating withthej` tops of all the chambersand constituting means for connecting the cliam-v A bers withevacuating apparatus, a gage connected to the duct and constituting means for indicating the internal pressure within the chambers, said duct having a valve-controlled port communicating with the atmosd phere and constituting means for. controlling tlie internalpressures of said chambers.

QHAS. E. CARPENTER' 

